DJO reports grants from the US National Institutes of Health, outside the submitted work. MMM reports personal fees from law firms representing retail pharmacies, generic drug companies, and a health insurer that have sued branded drug companies for marketing and antitrust law violations, outside of the submitted work, and serves as an adviser to Verily Life Sciences on a mobile app designed to facilitate safe return to work and school during COVID-19. YAM is a member of a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Pfizer and is a site Principal Investigator for a Pfizer vaccine trial, outside the submitted work. RL reports grants from Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Pasteur, and Merck, and personal fees from BIO, outside of the submitted work.

RMC reports receiving research grant funding from Novo Nordisk Foundation (Denmark), outside of the submitted work. NTB reports personal fees from WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanofi, and Merck outside of the submitted work. PJH is a developer of a COVID-19 vaccine construct, which was licensed by Baylor College of Medicine to Biological E, a commercial vaccine manufacturer for scale-up, production, testing, and licensure. The Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA is cohosted by the Yale Institute for Global Health and the Baylor College of Medicine. In this Viewpoint, we summarise the latest developments in US-based anti-vaccine activism and propose strategies for confronting them. It is important to understand the implications of this recent evolution of anti-vaccine activism on vaccination uptake and the promotion of sound public health strategies. These efforts contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and expanded the movement, with early indications suggesting that this hesitancy could now also be increasing hesitancy that existed pre-pandemic towards other vaccines. Anti-vaccine activists, who for many years spoke primarily to niche communities hesitant about childhood vaccinations, have used traditional and social media to amplify vaccine-related mistruths about COVID-19 vaccines while also targeting historically marginalised racial and ethnic communities. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this evolution and magnified the reach of vaccine misinformation. Over the past two decades, anti-vaccine activism in the USA has evolved from a fringe subculture into an increasingly well organised, networked movement with important repercussions for public health. The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia.

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

Nc 42 foundation